ADTRAN AOS Version R10.1.0 Průvodce řešením problémů

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61200860L1-29.4E
March 2012
Configuration Guide
Configuring Border Gateway Protocol
in AOS for Releases Prior to
18.03.00/R10.1.0
This configuration and troubleshooting guide will aid in the setup of
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) for ADTRAN Operating System (AOS)
products. An overview of BGP general concepts combined with detailed
command descriptions provide step-by-step assistance for the most
common BGP configurations. The troubleshooting section outlines proper
use of show and debug commands to verify that BGP has been
configured properly on the AOS product(s).
This guide consists of the following sections:
BGP Overview on page 2
Hardware and Software Requirements and Limitations on page 8
Basic BGP Configuration Using the CLI on page 9
Additional BGP Configuration on page 12
Example Configurations on page 35
Configuration Command Summary on page 58
Troubleshooting on page 66
This guide only addresses BGP in AOS data products using
AOS firmware prior to 18.03.00 and AOS voice products
using AOS firmware prior to R10.1.0. For information about
BGP configuration for products using AOS firmware later
than these releases, refer to Configuring BGP in AOS for
Releases 18.03.00/R10.1.0 or Later, available online at
http://kb.adtran.com (article number 3524).
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Strany 1 - 18.03.00/R10.1.0

61200860L1-29.4EMarch 2012Configuration GuideConfiguring Border Gateway Protocol in AOS for Releases Prior to 18.03.00/R10.1.0This configuration and t

Strany 2 - BGP Overview

Basic BGP Configuration Using the CLI 10 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EIf the routing table does not include a route that has been spe

Strany 3 - BGP Overview

Basic BGP Configuration Using the CLI61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 11The following example configures a remote AS number of 200 for

Strany 4 - BGP Attributes

Additional BGP Configuration 12 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EAdditional BGP ConfigurationDepending on the network, additional BGP con

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Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 13BGP CommunitiesWithin BGP, the community is an optional attribute that c

Strany 6 - VRF and MPLS

Additional BGP Configuration 14 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4Elocal-as Specifies routes that contain the reserved community number for

Strany 7 - VRF Customer A VRF Customer B

Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 15<value> Specifies a privately defined community for routes service

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Additional BGP Configuration 16 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EDeleting communities from a route can be accomplished by first creating

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Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 17Distribute ListUse the distribute-list command to add route filtering fu

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Additional BGP Configuration 18 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EHold TimerUse the hold-timer command to set the default hold time for BG

Strany 11 - (config)#router bgp 1

Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 19Log Neighbor ChangesUse the bgp log-neighbor-changes command to control

Strany 12 - Additional BGP Configuration

BGP Overview 2 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EBGP OverviewBGP is an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) that is used within the Internet an

Strany 13 - Configuring a Community List

Additional BGP Configuration 20 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4Ethe external AS, packets destined for those networks will be dropped. A

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Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 21PasswordUse the password command to enable message digest 5 (MD5) passwo

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Additional BGP Configuration 22 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4Edeny <network ipv4 address/length> Denies access to entries matchi

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Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 23(config-bgp-neighbor)#prefix-list <name> [in | out]<name> As

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Additional BGP Configuration 24 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EDefining Routes and Attributes to Advertise Outbound or Filter InboundTh

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Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 25If an attribute is to be applied to the route, then a set command must b

Strany 19

Additional BGP Configuration 26 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EFiltering Routes According to AS PathRoutes can also be filtered accordi

Strany 20 - AS 65001

Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 27(config-as-path-list)#permit \b400\bAfter configuring the AS path list,

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Additional BGP Configuration 28 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EPrepending Private AS Numbers for Load BalancingA router sends identical

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Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 29This metric is sometimes called the multi-exit discriminator or MED beca

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BGP Overview61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 3By defining autonomous systems, a demarcation point is created between organizations and

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Additional BGP Configuration 30 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4E(config-route-map)#set local-preference <value><value> Sets

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Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 31Router IDThe BGP interface identifies itself to neighbors with its route

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Additional BGP Configuration 32 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EUpdate SourceUse the update-source command to specify which interface’s

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Additional BGP Configuration61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 33The peering router would also use a loopback interface in this scenario.

Strany 28 - Setting a MED Metric

Additional BGP Configuration 34 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4Eset local preference 110!router bgp <AS number>redistribute <so

Strany 29

Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 35Example ConfigurationsThe example scenarios contained within this section are

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Example Configurations 36 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EThe following configuration applies to Example 1:!interface eth 0/1ip address

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Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 37Example 2: Exchanging Routes between Peers with the Same AS NumberSome MPLS p

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MPLSSite B(LAN)AS 65003AS 65002192.168.1.1 /24172.16.1.2 /30172.16.1.1 /30T1(PPP)(ETH 0/1)PEPE(LAN)AOS Device(CE)AOS Device(CE)CE - Customer Edge Rout

Strany 33

Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 39Example 3: Filtering Routes with Prefix ListsBGP routes advertised and receiv

Strany 34

BGP Overview 4 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EBGP Neighbors and MessagesUnlike other routing protocols, BGP does not automatically disc

Strany 35 - Example Configurations

Example Configurations 40 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4Einterface ppp 1 ip address 208.61.209.254 255.255.255.252 no shutdown cross-c

Strany 36

Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 41Example 4: Multihoming and Influencing Traffic over a Preferred PathMultihomi

Strany 37 - Example Configurations

Example Configurations 42 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EThe following configuration applies to Example 4:!interface eth 0/1 descript

Strany 38 - : Site B:

Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 43Example 5: Load Sharing When Multihomed to Multiple ISPsAOS allows multiple e

Strany 39 - 208.61.209.253 /30

Example Configurations 44 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4Eoutbound to both ISPs. This prefix will prevent any routes learned by the AOS

Strany 40

Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 45interface ppp 2ip address 65.162.109.201 255.255.255.252no shutdowncross-con

Strany 41 - Internet

Example Configurations 46 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EExample 6: Configuring Local Preference, MED, and Next-Hop-Self on an AOS Rou

Strany 42

192.168.2.2 /30G2G3G4NetVanta 12347123456789101112131415161718192021222324G1G2G3G413591113152468101214161719212318202224STATG1172.16.5.0 /24Remote Rou

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Example Configurations 48 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4Eroute-map SETMULTIEXIT2 permit 10 match ip address prefix-list NETWORK set met

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Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 49Example 7: Using Local Preference to Promote a BGP Route as the Primary Inter

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BGP Overview61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 5Multi-Exit DiscriminatorThe multi-exit discriminator (MULTI_EXIT_DISC or MED) attribute i

Strany 46

Default RouteDefault RouteG2G3G4NetVanta 12347123456789101112131415161718192021222324G1G2G3G413591113152468101214161719212318202224STATG1InternetAS 50

Strany 47

Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 51router bgp 500no auto-summaryno synchronizationnetwork 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0nei

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Example Configurations 52 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EExample 8: Using BGP Communities in an MPLS Network to Change Local Preferenc

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Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 53Figure 10. Three Internet-Provisioned Sites on an MPLS Network Provide Intern

Strany 50

Example Configurations 54 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4Einterface t1 1/1clock source linetdm-group 1 timeslots 1-24 speed 64no shutdow

Strany 51

Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 55router bgp 65002redistribute rip route-map REDISTRIBUTEnetwork 192.168.2.0 mas

Strany 52 - Preference

Example Configurations 56 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4E!interface eth 0/1ip address 192.168.X.1 255.255.255.0no shutdown!interface t1

Strany 53 - Internet Internet

Example Configurations61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 57!router bgp 65000neighbor 172.16.1.1route-map BGP-IN insend-community standard

Strany 54 - Secondary Site

Configuration Command Summary 58 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EConfiguration Command SummaryIt is important to note that BGP sessions

Strany 55 - Remote Site(s)

Table 5. Additional BGP Configuration Options(config-bgp)#distance bgp <external> <internal> <local>Specifies the administrative di

Strany 56

BGP Overview 6 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EBGP Path SelectionWhen BGP receives advertisements for the same route from multiple sourc

Strany 57

Table 6. Additional BGP Neighbor Configuration Options(config-bgp-neighbor)#advertisement-interval <value>Specifies the minimum interval betwee

Strany 58 - Configuration Command Summary

Table 7. Filtering Routes and Applying Attributes with Route MapsStep 1 (config)#route-map <name> [deny | permit] <number>Creates a route

Strany 59

Configuration Command Summary 62 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4ELists referenced in Step 2 (prefix, IPv4 ACL, AS path, and community) f

Strany 60

Configuration Command Summary61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 63Step 8 (config-bgp)#neighbor <ipv4 address> Enters BGP Neighbor C

Strany 61

Table 9. Advertising a BGP Community(config)#ip prefix-list <name> seq <number> [deny | permit] <network ipv4 address/length> [ge |

Strany 62

Table 10. Deleting a Community(config)#ip prefix-list <name> seq <number> [deny | permit] <network ipv4 address/length> [ge | le] &

Strany 63

Troubleshooting 66 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4ETroubleshootingAfter configuring BGP, several different commands can be issued from E

Strany 64

Troubleshooting61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 67#show ip bgp neighbors <ipv4 address> received-routesDisplays all IPv4 routes (

Strany 65

Troubleshooting 68 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EShow CommandsShow IP AS-Path ListUse the show ip as-path-list command to display any

Strany 66 - Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 69Use the show ip bgp summary command to display a summary of the BGP route table.#show

Strany 67

BGP Overview61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 7For example, in Figure 1 on page 7 the provider’s edge routers connect to two independent

Strany 68 - Show Commands

Troubleshooting 70 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EIn the following example, all BGP routes are displayed whose community attributes mat

Strany 69

Troubleshooting61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 71Show IP BGP NeighborsUse the show ip bgp neighbors command to display information for

Strany 70

Troubleshooting 72 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4E#show ip bgp neighbors 10.15.43.34 advertised-routesBGP local router ID is 10.0.0.1,

Strany 71

Troubleshooting61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 73* 10.22.132.8/29 10.22.132.9 0 303 i* i10.22.132.240/28 10.22.132.1 0 100 303 i*>

Strany 72

Troubleshooting 74 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EDebug CommandsDebug IP BGPUse the debug ip bgp command to activate debug messages ass

Strany 73

Troubleshooting61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 75Strategies for Troubleshooting Specific BGP ProblemsAn AOS device running BGP might n

Strany 74 - Clear Commands

Troubleshooting 76 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4ERemove an IPv4 ACL:(config-bgp-neighbor)#no distribute-list <ipv4 acl name> [in

Strany 75 - Troubleshooting

Router# show ip bgp neighbors 192.168.0.25 routes BGP local router ID is 192.168.88.1, local AS is 501. Status codes: * valid, > best, i - internal

Strany 76

Troubleshooting 78 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4ENext, record the current settings in the AOS device and verify that they match those

Strany 77

Router#show ip bgp neighborsBGP neighbor is 192.168.0.25, remote AS 500, external link Configured hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds D

Strany 78

Hardware and Software Requirements and Limitations 8 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EThe Internet connections for a multihomed router ca

Strany 79

Troubleshooting 80 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4ECheck all of the statements for hits. Statements that have been misconfigured often h

Strany 80

NetVanta_4305#show route-map route-map DEFAULT-ROUTE-IN, permit, sequence 10 Match clauses: ip address (prefix-lists): DEFAULT Set clauses:

Strany 81

Troubleshooting 82 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4ENetwork Flooded with External TrafficOne of the most common uses for BGP is BGP multi

Strany 82

Appendix61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 83AppendixAS Regular ExpressionsRegular expressions, also known as regexp, are used in BGP to

Strany 83 - Appendix

Appendix 84 Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 61200860L1-29.4EExamples of Regular Expressions.* Matches any character or sequence of characters.3+ Matches

Strany 84

Basic BGP Configuration Using the CLI61200860L1-29.4E Copyright © 2012 ADTRAN, Inc. 9Basic BGP Configuration Using the CLIThere are several commands

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